Milestones for June 23

930 AD Reykyavik, Iceland

Founding of the World's oldest parliament, the Icelandic Althing; it voted Iceland's independence from Denmark in 1944, and is now a 63-member unicameral body; until 1991 it comprised a lower house (two thirds of members) and an upper house (one third). Today, members are elected by a system of proportional representation.

1775 Henley, England

First regatta held on the Thames River in Oxfordshire; originally a pageant with drinking and rowdiness; June 1829 the first University Boat Race was held; 1839 the annual Henley Regatta was established by the townsfolk for amateur crews in four oared boats, who rowed for The Town Challenge Cup and boats with eight oars which rowed for the Grand Challenge Cup, open to all comers; 1851 Prince Albert became the Patron of the Regatta and henceforth the event has been known as Henley Royal Regatta; 1998, professional rowers were allowed to compete at Henley after the stewards dropped the amateur definition from their rules.

1868 Washington, DC

Christopher L. Sholes, a customs collector from Milwaukee, Wisconsin awarded a patent for his type-writer, invented with his friends Carlos Glidden and Samual W. Soule; the machine was big as a desk, with paper inside, and had a keyboard (today's QWERTY keyboard, which was developed to separate letters frequently written or typed one after the other), a carriage containing the large roller called the platen, and one or more small rollers to hold the paper in place; there was no shift key on it; it typed capital letters only; in 1873 Sholes signed a contract with the Remington Arms Company, a gun manufacturer, to build and market the typewriter; in 1878 Remington added a the shift key and placed two letters on each typing bar, one capital and the other lower case; by 1900 the Remington was selling at the rate of 100,000 a year.

1938 St. Augustine, Florida

First Marineland operation opens in a giant turquoise art deco aquarium on the beach south of St. Augustine; featuring tropical fish in a unique saltwater "oceanarium" and a troupe of trained dolphons; Florida's number one tourist attraction before Disney World and SeaWorld; recently reopened with a more educational and ecotourist focus.

Other Events

1295 06 23 Pope Boniface VIII enters Rome
1298 06 23 Duke Albrecht von Habsburg chosen Roman Catholic German king
1305 06 23 French-Flemish peace treaty signed at Athis-sur-Orge
1532 06 23 Henry VIII & François I signs secret treaty against emperor Karel V
1585 06 23 Spanish army under Tassis beats Amerongen Staatse troops
1611 06 23 Henry Hudson set adrift in Hudson Bay by mutineers on his ship Discovery & never seen again
1658 06 23 Dutch troops occupy last Portugese Fort Jafnapatnam Ceylon
1661 06 23 Marriage contract for Charles II of England & Catharina of Portugal
1683 06 23 William Penn signs friendship treaty with Lenni Lenape indians in Pennsylvania; only treaty not sworn to, nor broken
1724 06 23 Russia & Turkey sign Treaty of Constantinople
1757 06 23 Robert Clive defeats Indians at Plassey, wins control of Bengal
1760 06 23 Battle of Landshut Silesia: Austria beats Prussia
1776 06 23 Final draft of Declaration of Independence submitted to US Congress
1784 06 23 First US balloon flight (13 year old Edward Warren)
1794 06 23 Empress Catherine II grants Jews permission to settle in Kiev
1810 06 23 John Jacob Astor organizes Pacific Fur Co (Astoria, Oregon)
1821 06 23 Dutch troops conquer Palembang
1848 06 23 Antoine Joseph Sax patents Saxophone
1848 06 23 Bloody insurrection of workers in Paris
1854 06 23 Antwerp-Roosendaal railway goes into use
1860 06 23 Congress establishes Government Printing Office
1860 06 23 US Secret Service created
1863 06 23 Tullahoma campaign, TN
1865 06 23 At Ft Towson, Gen Stand Watie surrenders last sizeable confed army
1888 06 23 Frederick Douglass is first African-American nominated for president
1902 06 23 Gioacchino Rossini's unveils monument to Santa-Croce
1909 06 23 Confessional parties win Dutch parliamentary elections
1915 06 23 Yanks get record 16 walks & 3 wild pitches beat A's Bruno Hass, 15-0
1915 06 23 Zeb Turner, country-rock performer (Chew Tobacco Rag)
1917 06 23 31st US Womens Tennis: Molla Mallory beat Marion Vanderhoef (46 60 62)
1917 06 23 Ammunition factory in Boleweg Bohemia explodes, killing 1,000
1917 06 23 Ernie Shore replaces Red Sox pitcher Babe Ruth with a runner on, he throws him out & retires all 26 he faces for a perfect game
1918 06 23 Boston Red Sox Dutch Leonard's 2nd no-hitter beats Tigers, 5-0
1919 06 23 Marcus Garvey's Universal Negro Improvement Assn (UNIA) incorporates
1919 06 23 Nitti govt forms in Italy
1922 06 23 57th British Golf Open: Walter Hagen shoots a 300 at Royal St George
1924 06 23 8 month Twenste textile strike ends
1925 06 23 British warship fires on Hong Kong harbor strikers
1925 06 23 Landslides create 3-mile long Slide Lake (Gros Ventre Wyoming)
1926 06 23 8th govt of Briand van France forms
1926 06 23 Commencement of the West Indies' first Test cricket match, at Lord's
1927 06 23 Lou Gehrig hits 3 HRs in 11-4 victory over Red Sox
1930 06 23 Chicago Cubs beat Philadelphia Phillies 21-8
1931 06 23 Wiley Post & Harold Catty took off for flight around world
1932 06 23 Lou Gehrig plays 1,103rd successive game in a NY uniform, equaling Joe Sewell's record with one team (Cleveland)
1933 06 23 Don McNeill's Pepper Pot (Breakfast Club) begins 35« year run on NBC
1935 06 23 Anthony Eden offers Mussolini, Somalian harbor
1938 06 23 Civil Aeronautics Authority (US) established
1938 06 23 NYC Mayor LaGuardia assigns 21 cops to patrol subway
1939 06 23 Bronko Nagurski beats Lou Thesz in Houston, to become wrestling champ
1939 06 23 France turns over Sanjak of Alexandretta (Hatay) to Turkey
1940 06 23 Marcel Louette seeks opposition group White Brigade on Antwerp
1940 06 23 RAF bombs Schiphol
1941 06 23 Germany occupies Telz Lithuana
1943 06 23 Dutch artsens protest against nazis
1943 06 23 RAF discovers Werner von Brauns V1/V2-base in Peenemnde
1944 06 23 4 tornadoes strike Appalachia, killing 153
1944 06 23 Russian offensive in central front sector
1944 06 23 Thomas Mann becomes a US citizen
1945 06 23 77th Belmont: Eddie Arcaro aboard Pavot wins in 2:30.2
1945 06 23 Last organized Japanese defiance broken (Tarakan)
1947 06 23 Compton & Bill Edrich make 370 stand for 3rd wkt v S Africa
1947 06 23 Truman's veto of Taft-Hartley Act overridden by congress
1949 06 23 First 12 women graduate from Harvard Medical School
1949 06 23 Dutch Constellation plunge at Bari in sea, 33 die
1950 06 23 Swiss parliament refuses voting right for women
1950 06 23 Yanks & Tigers hit record 11 HRs, Tigers win 10-9
1950 06 23 Indians' Luke Easter hits longest ball in Cleveland Stadium history, 477 feet, into upper deck, Section 4
1951 06 23 British diplomats Guy Burgess & Donald Maclean flee to USSR
1951 06 23 Most expensive US hailstorm ($1.5M crop damage & $14M property-Kansas)
1952 06 23 US airplanes bomb energy centers at Yalu Korea
1953 06 23 Patty Berg wins LPGA All-American Women Golf Tournament
1954 06 23 122øF (50øC), Overton, Nevada (state record until June 29, 1994)
1955 06 23 Walt Disney's Lady & the Tramp released
1956 06 23 Jimmy Durante Show, last airs on NBC-TV
1956 06 23 Transfusion by Nervous Norvous peaks at #8
1956 06 23 Gamal Abdel Nasser elected president of Egypt
1958 06 23 Dutch Reformed Church accepts women ministers
1958 06 23 Fed judge rules race separation must end in 2« years in Little Rock
1958 06 23 Foundation Praemium Erasmianum (Erasmus Prize) established
1960 06 23 Pat Boone Show, last airs on ABC-TV
1960 06 23 Japan signs security treaty with the US
1961 06 23 Antarctic Treaty goes into effect
1961 06 23 Cubs Ernie Banks ends his 717 consecutive-games-played streak
1961 06 23 Phillies overcome 9-0, losing 11-2 they score 4 in 8th & 6 in 9th
1961 06 23 USAF Maj Robert M White takes X-15 to 32,830 m
1962 06 23 Subways Are after Sleeping closes at St James NYC after 205 perfs
1962 06 23 Laos Suvanna Phuma forms govt
1962 06 23 Larry Doby, retires from Cleve Indians to play in Japan
1963 06 23 63rd US Golf Open: Julius Boros shoots a 293 at The Country Club Mass
1963 06 23 Mickey Wright wins LPGA Women's Western Golf Open
1963 06 23 NY Mets Jimmy Piersall, hits his 100th HR, he circles bases backwards
1963 06 23 Pres Kennedy tours West-Europe
1964 06 23 Gen Maxwell Taylor appointed US ambassador in South Vietnam
1967 06 23 Jim Ryun sets mile record (3:51.1, Bakersfield CA)
1967 06 23 John Entwistle of rock group Who weds Alison Wise
1967 06 23 LBJ & Alexei Kosygin hold first of 2 summit meetings in Glassboro, NJ
1967 06 23 US Senate censures Thomas J Dodd (D-Ct) for misusing campaign funds
1969 06 23 French government of Couve de Murville resigns
1969 06 23 Joe Frazier TKOs Jerry Quarry in 8 for heavyweight boxing title
1969 06 23 Warren E Burger sworn in as Supreme Court Chief Justice
1970 06 23 Red Skelton Show, last airs on CBS-TV, moved to NBC-TV
1970 06 23 Charles Rangel defeats Adam Clayton Powell in Democratic primary
1970 06 23 Rocker Chubby Checker arrested for marijuana possession
1971 06 23 Phillies Rick Wise no-hits Cincinnati Reds, 4-0
1971 06 23 WTVP TV channel 47 in Peoria, IL (PBS) begins broadcasting
1972 06 23 Hurricane Agnes is costliest natural disaster in American history
1972 06 23 Nixon & Haldeman agree to use CIA to cover up Watergate
1972 06 23 Pres Nixon signs act barring sex discrimination in college sports
1973 06 23 Cyrano closes at Palace Theater NYC after 49 performances
1973 06 23 Sugar closes at Majestic Theater NYC after 506 performances
1973 06 23 Phillies Ken Brett 4th consecutive game HR in which he pitched
1974 06 23 First extraterrestrial message sent from Earth into space
1974 06 23 20th LPGA Championship won by Sandra Haynie
1975 06 23 75th US Golf Open: Lou Graham shoots a 287 at Medinah CC ILL
1975 06 23 Rocker Alice Cooper falls off stage in Vancouver, breaks 6 ribs
1976 06 23 CCN Tower in Toronto, tallest free-standing structure (555 m) opens
1977 06 23 13th Mayor's Trophy Game, Mets beat Yanks 6-4
1978 06 23 33rd US Women's Open Golf Championship won by Hollis Stacy
1979 06 23 Charlie Daniels Band releases Devil Went Down to Georgia
1979 06 23 Rock group, the Knack releases My Sharona
1979 06 23 West Indies beat England by 92 runs to win Cricket World Cup
1980 06 23 David Letterman Show, debuts on NBC-TV daytime
1980 06 23 First solar-powered coast-to-coast two-way radio conversation
1980 06 23 West German wins European soccer title (2-1 against Belgium)
1981 06 23 This Was Burlesque opens at Princess Theater NYC for 28 performances
1981 06 23 33 inning game ends, Pawtucket 3, Rochester 2
1981 06 23 Amanda Maccaro becomes first American to win Russian Ballet Competition
1981 06 23 French govt of Mauroy forms, with 4 communists
1981 06 23 NYC mayor Koch turns down a $7,500 offer to perform comedy
1981 06 23 Dave Koza scores Marty Barrett with bases-loaded single in bottom of 33rd inning, Pawtucket beats Rochester 3-2
1982 06 23 Cleavage opens & closes at Playhouse Theater NYC
1982 06 23 -117øF; All time low at South Pole
1982 06 23 Himmy, of Australia, weighs in at domestic cat record 20.7 kg (45 lb)
1982 06 23 Intelligence Identities Protection Act (Public Law 97-200)
1982 06 23 Mary Hart joins Entertainment Tonight
1983 06 23 Syria throws out PLO leader Arafat
1983 06 23 US Supreme Court ruled Congress could not veto presidential decisions
1985 06 23 Alice Miller wins LPGA Mayflower Golf Classic
1985 06 23 Bomb destroys Air India Boeing 747 in air near Ireland, 329 die
1985 06 23 Laffit Pincay Jr becomes 2nd jockey to win $100 million
1986 06 23 Pedro Morales swims world record 100m butterfly (52.84)
1986 06 23 Tip O'Neill refuses to let Reagan address House
1988 06 23 Charlotte Hornets & Miami Heat begin their NBA expansion draft
1988 06 23 Yank manager Billy Martin's 5th term ends, Lou Pinella named manager
1989 06 23 Movie Batman premieres
1990 06 23 A rally to save Alien Nation from cancellation held at Stat of Liberty
1990 06 23 Moldavia declares independence
1990 06 23 Police find marijuana at Chuck Berry's home
1990 06 23 TV Guide selects Arsenio Hall as TV personality of year
1990 06 23 Zimbabwe beat the Netherlands by 6 wickets to win ICC Trophy
1991 06 23 Odd Couple opens & closes at Belasco Theater NYC
1991 06 23 Weird Al Yankovic records Babalu Music
1991 06 23 Beth Daniel wins LPGA McDonald's Golf Championship
1991 06 23 Mazda becomes first Japanese car to capture Le Mans 24 hour race
1992 06 23 Tin Bigha Day protest in India of corridor opening to Bangladesh
1992 06 23 Emmy 19th Daytime Award presentation - Susan Lucci loses for 13th time
1992 06 23 Rabin wins Israeli parliamentary election
1993 06 23 Lindsay Wagner (Bionic Woman) files for divorce from Lawrence Mortorff
1993 06 23 Lorena Gallo Bobbitt amputates husband's John Wayne Bobbitt's penis
1993 06 23 UN authorizes worldwide oil embargo against Haiti
1994 06 23 South Africa reclaims its seat in UN
1994 06 23 Replay shows A's Bobby Witt beat KC's Gagne to first in 6th but ump Gary Cedarstrom calls him safe, runing Witt's perfect game
1996 06 23 Tartuffe: Born Again closes at Circle in Sq NYC after 29 perfs
1996 06 23 Dottie Pepper wins LPGA Rochester International Golf Tournament
1996 06 23 Nintendo 64 goes on sale in Japan
1997 06 23 Dow Jones drops 192.25 pts

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